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AlphaFold's protein structure predictions earned the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Here's what the MSA + Transformer architecture actually does and why it matters.
AlphaFold solved the protein folding problem in 2020 at near-experimental accuracy, earning Demis Hassabis and John Jumper the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Its database now contains 200M+ protein structures, actively accelerating drug development and materials science.
DeepMind's core strategy under Demis Hassabis: use game environments (which have clear evaluation functions) to train general reasoning capabilities, then apply the same approach to scientific problems with evaluation functions. AlphaFold, AlphaGeometry, AlphaDev, and GNoME are concrete implementations of this strategy.